"somer" meaning in All languages combined

See somer on Wiktionary

Noun [Afrikaans]

IPA: /ˈsʊəmər/ Audio: LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-somer.wav Forms: somers [plural]
Etymology: From Dutch zomer. Etymology templates: {{inh|af|nl|zomer}} Dutch zomer Head templates: {{head|af|noun|||plural|somers|||||||||||||f2accel-form=p|f2request=1|f5accel-form=diminutive|head=}} somer (plural somers), {{af-noun|s}} somer (plural somers)
  1. summer
    Sense id: en-somer-af-noun-6DZkJVxp Categories (other): Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Seasons

Noun [Catalan]

IPA: [suˈme̞] [Northern], [soˈme] [Balearic, Northwestern], [suˈme] [Central], [soˈmeɾ] [Valencia] Forms: somers [plural]
Etymology: Inherited from Late Latin sagmārius (“having a saddle”), from sagma (“saddle for pack animals”). Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ca|la-lat|sagmārius||having a saddle|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Late Latin sagmārius (“having a saddle”), {{inh+|ca|la-lat|sagmārius||having a saddle}} Inherited from Late Latin sagmārius (“having a saddle”) Head templates: {{ca-noun|m}} somer m (plural somers)
  1. (dialectal) jackass Tags: dialectal, masculine Synonyms: ase Coordinate_terms: somera (english: she-ass)
    Sense id: en-somer-ca-noun-gZg3od-J Categories (other): Catalan entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Equids

Noun [English]

Forms: somers [plural]
Head templates: {{en-noun}} somer (plural somers)
  1. (obsolete or eye dialect) Summer. Tags: obsolete, pronunciation-spelling

Noun [Middle Dutch]

Etymology: From Old Dutch *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz. Etymology templates: {{inh|dum|odt|*sumar}} Old Dutch *sumar, {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*sumaraz}} Proto-Germanic *sumaraz Head templates: {{head|dum|noun||{{{stem}}}-||{{{stem2}}}-|cat2=|g=m|g2=f|g3=|head=sōmer|head2=|sort=}} sōmer m or f, {{dum-noun|m|g2=f|head=sōmer}} sōmer m or f Inflection templates: {{dum-decl-noun-st-m|sōmer}}, {{dum-decl-noun-st-f|sōmer}} Forms: sōmer [canonical, feminine, masculine], strong [table-tags], sōmer [nominative, singular], sōmere [nominative, plural], sōmer [accusative, singular], sōmere [accusative, plural], sōmers [genitive, singular], sōmere [genitive, plural], sōmere [dative, singular], sōmeren [dative, plural], strong [table-tags], sōmer [nominative, singular], sōmere [nominative, plural], sōmer [accusative, singular], sōmere [accusative, plural], sōmer [genitive, singular], sōmere [genitive, singular], sōmere [genitive, plural], sōmer [dative, singular], sōmere [dative, singular], sōmeren [dative, plural], sommer [alternative]
  1. summer Derived forms: sōmersch, middesōmer
    Sense id: en-somer-dum-noun-6DZkJVxp Categories (other): Seasons Disambiguation of Seasons: 70 20 10
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Middle Dutch]

Etymology: From Old Dutch *sōmari, from Medieval Latin sagmārius. Etymology templates: {{inh|dum|odt|*sōmari}} Old Dutch *sōmari, {{der|dum|la-med|sagmārius}} Medieval Latin sagmārius Head templates: {{head|dum|noun||{{{stem}}}-||{{{stem2}}}-|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=sômer|head2=|sort=}} sômer m, {{dum-noun|m|head=sômer}} sômer m Inflection templates: {{dum-decl-noun-st-m|sômer}} Forms: sômer [canonical, masculine], strong [table-tags], sômer [nominative, singular], sômere [nominative, plural], sômer [accusative, singular], sômere [accusative, plural], sômers [genitive, singular], sômere [genitive, plural], sômere [dative, singular], sômeren [dative, plural]
  1. beast of burden, especially a horse
    Sense id: en-somer-dum-noun-9dxcRjHz
  2. pack, case (which is loaded onto and carried by a horse)
    Sense id: en-somer-dum-noun-bHVpiXVv Categories (other): Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 6 32 62 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 10 35 55 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 7 24 69
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈsumər/ Forms: someres [plural], somere [alternative], sumer [alternative], summir [alternative], zomere [alternative, Kent]
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sem- Proto-Indo-European *s(e)m-eh₂- Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-der. Proto-Germanic *sumaraz Proto-West Germanic *sumar Old English sumor Middle English somer Inherited from Old English sumor, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz. Etymology templates: {{etymon|enm|:inh|ang:sumor|tree=+}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sem- Proto-Indo-European *s(e)m-eh₂- Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-der. Proto-Germanic *sumaraz Proto-West Germanic *sumar Old English sumor Middle English somer [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*sm̥-h₂-ór-o-", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*s(e)m-eh₂-", "gloss" : "summer, year", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*sem-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*semh₂-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro", "pos" : "oblique r-stem based" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*sumaraz", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*sumar", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "sumor", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "somer", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" }" data-lang="enm" data-title="somer">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|sumor|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English sumor, {{inh+|enm|ang|sumor}} Inherited from Old English sumor, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*sumar}} Proto-West Germanic *sumar, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*sumaraz}} Proto-Germanic *sumaraz Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|var=}} somer, {{enm-noun|someres}} somer (plural someres)
  1. summer Related terms: gossomer, mydsomer, Somersete

Noun [North Frisian]

Forms: somern [plural], samer [alternative, Mooring], Somer [alternative, Sylt]
Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *sumaraz. Etymology templates: {{inh|frr|gem-pro|*sumaraz}} Proto-Germanic *sumaraz Head templates: {{head|frr|noun|plural|somern|g=m}} somer m (plural somern)
  1. (Mooring) summer Tags: Mooring, masculine

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "somers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "somer (plural somers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English eye dialect",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              102,
              107
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1853, Various, Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853:",
          "text": "To the examples alleged by Richardson, in his Dictionary, add the following: \"I se it by ensaunple In somer tyme on trowes; Ther some bowes ben leved, And some bereth none, There is a meschief in the more Of swiche manere bowes.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1895, John Knox, The Works of John Knox, Vol. 1 (of 6):",
          "text": "In Scotland, that somer, was nothing but myrth; for all yead[515] with the preastis eavin at thare awin pleasur.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Summer."
      ],
      "id": "en-somer-en-noun-2nhlM5YB",
      "links": [
        [
          "eye dialect",
          "eye dialect"
        ],
        [
          "Summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete or eye dialect) Summer."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "zomer",
      "zomer#Dutch"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "zomer"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch zomer",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Dutch zomer.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "somers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "somers",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2accel-form": "p",
        "f2request": "1",
        "f5accel-form": "diminutive",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "somer (plural somers)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "somer (plural somers)",
      "name": "af-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Afrikaans",
  "lang_code": "af",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "af",
          "name": "Seasons",
          "orig": "af:Seasons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer"
      ],
      "id": "en-somer-af-noun-6DZkJVxp",
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsʊəmər/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-somer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-somer.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-somer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-somer.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-somer.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "sagmārius",
      "sagmarius#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "sagma",
      "sagma#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "sagmārius",
        "4": "",
        "5": "having a saddle",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin sagmārius (“having a saddle”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "sagmārius",
        "4": "",
        "5": "having a saddle"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Late Latin sagmārius (“having a saddle”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Late Latin sagmārius (“having a saddle”), from sagma (“saddle for pack animals”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "somers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "somer m (plural somers)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ca",
          "name": "Equids",
          "orig": "ca:Equids",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "english": "she-ass",
          "translation": "she-ass",
          "word": "somera"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "jackass"
      ],
      "id": "en-somer-ca-noun-gZg3od-J",
      "links": [
        [
          "jackass",
          "jackass"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) jackass"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ase"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[suˈme̞]",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[soˈme]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Northwestern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[suˈme]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[soˈmeɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "lang_code": "af",
          "word": "somer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "zomer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Limburgish",
      "lang_code": "li",
      "word": "zómmer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "West Flemish",
      "lang_code": "vls",
      "word": "zommer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*sumar",
      "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/sumar"
    ],
    [
      "*sumaraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaraz"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*sumar"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *sumar",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sumaraz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sumaraz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-decl-noun-st-m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmers",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmeren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-decl-noun-st-f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmeren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sommer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{stem}}}-",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "f",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sōmer",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sōmer m or f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "g2": "f",
        "head": "sōmer"
      },
      "expansion": "sōmer m or f",
      "name": "dum-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sōmer"
      },
      "name": "dum-decl-noun-st-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sōmer"
      },
      "name": "dum-decl-noun-st-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "70 20 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "dum",
          "name": "Seasons",
          "orig": "dum:Seasons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "sōmersch"
        },
        {
          "word": "middesōmer"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer"
      ],
      "id": "en-somer-dum-noun-6DZkJVxp",
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*sōmari",
      "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/somari"
    ],
    [
      "sagmārius",
      "sagmarius#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*sōmari"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *sōmari",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "la-med",
        "3": "sagmārius"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin sagmārius",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *sōmari, from Medieval Latin sagmārius.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sômer",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-decl-noun-st-m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômers",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômeren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{stem}}}-",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sômer",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sômer m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "sômer"
      },
      "expansion": "sômer m",
      "name": "dum-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sômer"
      },
      "name": "dum-decl-noun-st-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "beast of burden, especially a horse"
      ],
      "id": "en-somer-dum-noun-9dxcRjHz",
      "links": [
        [
          "beast of burden",
          "beast of burden"
        ],
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 32 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 35 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 24 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pack, case (which is loaded onto and carried by a horse)"
      ],
      "id": "en-somer-dum-noun-bHVpiXVv",
      "links": [
        [
          "pack",
          "pack"
        ],
        [
          "case",
          "case"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "summer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "somer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "sumer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "simmer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "simer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "zimmer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "zummer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*sem-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sem-"
    ],
    [
      "*s(e)m-eh₂-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/semh₂-"
    ],
    [
      "*sumaraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaraz"
    ],
    [
      "*sumar",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sumar"
    ],
    [
      "sumor",
      "sumor#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sumor",
      "sumor#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*sumar",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sumar"
    ],
    [
      "*sumaraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaraz"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:sumor",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *s(e)m-eh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-der.\nProto-Germanic *sumaraz\nProto-West Germanic *sumar\nOld English sumor\nMiddle English somer\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*sm̥-h₂-ór-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*s(e)m-eh₂-\", \"gloss\" : \"summer, year\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sem-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*semh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"oblique r-stem based\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sumaraz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sumar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sumor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"somer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"somer\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sumor",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sumor",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sumor"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sumor",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sumar"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sumar",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sumaraz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sumaraz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *s(e)m-eh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-der.\nProto-Germanic *sumaraz\nProto-West Germanic *sumar\nOld English sumor\nMiddle English somer\nInherited from Old English sumor, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "someres",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "somere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sumer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "summir",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zomere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "somer",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "someres"
      },
      "expansion": "somer (plural someres)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Seasons",
          "orig": "enm:Seasons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              140,
              145
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "a. 1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's \"Science of cirurgie.\", London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:",
          "text": "Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer"
      ],
      "id": "en-somer-enm-noun-6DZkJVxp",
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "gossomer"
        },
        {
          "word": "mydsomer"
        },
        {
          "word": "Somersete"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsumər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*sumaraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaraz"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sumaraz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sumaraz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "somern",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "samer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Mooring"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Somer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Sylt"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "somern",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "somer m (plural somern)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "North Frisian",
  "lang_code": "frr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mooring North Frisian",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "North Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer"
      ],
      "id": "en-somer-frr-noun-6DZkJVxp",
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Mooring) summer"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mooring",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}
{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "zomer",
      "zomer#Dutch"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "2": "nl",
        "3": "zomer"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch zomer",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Dutch zomer.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "somers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "af",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "17": "",
        "18": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "somers",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2accel-form": "p",
        "f2request": "1",
        "f5accel-form": "diminutive",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "somer (plural somers)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "somer (plural somers)",
      "name": "af-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Afrikaans",
  "lang_code": "af",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
        "Afrikaans lemmas",
        "Afrikaans nouns",
        "Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
        "Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "af:Seasons"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsʊəmər/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-somer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-somer.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-somer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-somer.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-somer.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "english": "she-ass",
      "translation": "she-ass",
      "word": "somera"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "sagmārius",
      "sagmarius#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "sagma",
      "sagma#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "sagmārius",
        "4": "",
        "5": "having a saddle",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin sagmārius (“having a saddle”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "sagmārius",
        "4": "",
        "5": "having a saddle"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Late Latin sagmārius (“having a saddle”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Late Latin sagmārius (“having a saddle”), from sagma (“saddle for pack animals”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "somers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "somer m (plural somers)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Catalan countable nouns",
        "Catalan dialectal terms",
        "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
        "Catalan lemmas",
        "Catalan masculine nouns",
        "Catalan nouns",
        "Catalan terms derived from Late Latin",
        "Catalan terms inherited from Late Latin",
        "Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "ca:Equids"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "jackass"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jackass",
          "jackass"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) jackass"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ase"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[suˈme̞]",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[soˈme]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Northwestern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[suˈme]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[soˈmeɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "somers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "somer (plural somers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English eye dialect",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              102,
              107
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1853, Various, Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853:",
          "text": "To the examples alleged by Richardson, in his Dictionary, add the following: \"I se it by ensaunple In somer tyme on trowes; Ther some bowes ben leved, And some bereth none, There is a meschief in the more Of swiche manere bowes.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1895, John Knox, The Works of John Knox, Vol. 1 (of 6):",
          "text": "In Scotland, that somer, was nothing but myrth; for all yead[515] with the preastis eavin at thare awin pleasur.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Summer."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "eye dialect",
          "eye dialect"
        ],
        [
          "Summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete or eye dialect) Summer."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch feminine nouns",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch masculine nouns",
    "Middle Dutch nouns",
    "Middle Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
    "Middle Dutch strong feminine nouns",
    "Middle Dutch strong masculine nouns",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "dum:Seasons"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sōmersch"
    },
    {
      "word": "middesōmer"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "lang_code": "af",
          "word": "somer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "zomer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Limburgish",
      "lang_code": "li",
      "word": "zómmer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "West Flemish",
      "lang_code": "vls",
      "word": "zommer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*sumar",
      "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/sumar"
    ],
    [
      "*sumaraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaraz"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*sumar"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *sumar",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sumaraz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sumaraz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-decl-noun-st-m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmers",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmeren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-decl-noun-st-f",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōmeren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sommer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{stem}}}-",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "f",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sōmer",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sōmer m or f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "g2": "f",
        "head": "sōmer"
      },
      "expansion": "sōmer m or f",
      "name": "dum-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sōmer"
      },
      "name": "dum-decl-noun-st-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sōmer"
      },
      "name": "dum-decl-noun-st-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "summer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Dutch lemmas",
    "Middle Dutch masculine nouns",
    "Middle Dutch nouns",
    "Middle Dutch strong masculine nouns",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "dum:Seasons"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*sōmari",
      "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/somari"
    ],
    [
      "sagmārius",
      "sagmarius#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*sōmari"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *sōmari",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "la-med",
        "3": "sagmārius"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin sagmārius",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *sōmari, from Medieval Latin sagmārius.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sômer",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dum-decl-noun-st-m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômer",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômers",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sômeren",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{stem}}}-",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "sômer",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "sômer m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "sômer"
      },
      "expansion": "sômer m",
      "name": "dum-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sômer"
      },
      "name": "dum-decl-noun-st-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Dutch",
  "lang_code": "dum",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "beast of burden, especially a horse"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "beast of burden",
          "beast of burden"
        ],
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pack, case (which is loaded onto and carried by a horse)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pack",
          "pack"
        ],
        [
          "case",
          "case"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "summer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "somer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "sumer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "simmer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "simer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "zimmer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "word": "zummer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*sem-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sem-"
    ],
    [
      "*s(e)m-eh₂-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/semh₂-"
    ],
    [
      "*sumaraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaraz"
    ],
    [
      "*sumar",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sumar"
    ],
    [
      "sumor",
      "sumor#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sumor",
      "sumor#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*sumar",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sumar"
    ],
    [
      "*sumaraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaraz"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:sumor",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *s(e)m-eh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-der.\nProto-Germanic *sumaraz\nProto-West Germanic *sumar\nOld English sumor\nMiddle English somer\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*sm̥-h₂-ór-o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*s(e)m-eh₂-\", \"gloss\" : \"summer, year\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sem-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*semh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"oblique r-stem based\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sumaraz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sumar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sumor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"somer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"somer\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sumor",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sumor",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sumor"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sumor",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sumar"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sumar",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sumaraz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sumaraz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *s(e)m-eh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-der.\nProto-Germanic *sumaraz\nProto-West Germanic *sumar\nOld English sumor\nMiddle English somer\nInherited from Old English sumor, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "someres",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "somere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sumer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "summir",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zomere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "somer",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "someres"
      },
      "expansion": "somer (plural someres)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "gossomer"
    },
    {
      "word": "mydsomer"
    },
    {
      "word": "Somersete"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
        "Middle English entries with etymon",
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English nouns",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-",
        "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *semh₂-",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "enm:Seasons"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              140,
              145
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "a. 1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's \"Science of cirurgie.\", London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:",
          "text": "Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsumər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*sumaraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaraz"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sumaraz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sumaraz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *sumaraz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "somern",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "samer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Mooring"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Somer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Sylt"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "somern",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "somer m (plural somern)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "North Frisian",
  "lang_code": "frr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mooring North Frisian",
        "North Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
        "North Frisian lemmas",
        "North Frisian masculine nouns",
        "North Frisian nouns",
        "North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "summer",
          "summer"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Mooring) summer"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mooring",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "somer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for somer meaning in All languages combined (17.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.